10 questions · Form 4 Mathematics Bab 9: Probability of Combined Events
A single fair six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of getting an even number OR a number greater than 4?
Prefer reading to quizzing? All 10 questions are listed below with the answer and explanation under each one.
1. A single fair six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of getting an even number OR a number greater than 4?
Answer: B
Even = {2, 4, 6} → P(Even) = 36. Greater than 4 = {5, 6} → P(>4) = 26. Both = {6} → P(Both) = 16. P(Union) = 36 + 26 - 16 = 46 = 23.
2. Which formula calculates the probability of union of two non-mutually exclusive events A and B?
Answer: C
For non-mutually exclusive events, overlapping outcomes counted twice must be subtracted: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B).
3. If P(A ∪ B) = 0.75, what is the probability of the complement event P((A ∪ B)')?
Answer: A
P((A ∪ B)') = 1 - P(A ∪ B) = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25.
4. Events X and Y are mutually exclusive. Given P(X) = 13 and P(Y) = 14, find P(X ∪ Y).
Answer: B
Since X and Y are mutually exclusive: P(X ∪ Y) = P(X) + P(Y) = 13 + 14 = 412 + 312 = 712.
5. In a class of 30 students, 18 study Physics, 12 study Chemistry, and 5 study both. A student is picked at random. What is the probability that the student studies Physics OR Chemistry?
Answer: A
P(P ∪ C) = P(P) + P(C) - P(P ∩ C) = 1830 + 1230 - 530 = 2530 = 56.
6. A bag contains 5 red marbles and 3 green marbles. A marble is drawn, its color recorded, and REPLACED. A second marble is drawn. What is the probability of drawing two red marbles?
Answer: A
P(Red) = 58. Since drawing is with replacement, events are independent. P(Red and Red) = (58) × (58) = 2564.
7. A target is shot by Ali and Ahmad independently. Probability of Ali hitting is 0.6 and Ahmad hitting is 0.7. Find the probability that BOTH hit the target.
Answer: A
Independent events: P(Both hit) = P(Ali) × P(Ahmad) = 0.6 × 0.7 = 0.42.
8. Using the target scenario above (P(Ali)=0.6, P(Ahmad)=0.7), find the probability that AT LEAST ONE hits the target.
Answer: B
P(At least one) = 1 - P(Neither hits) = 1 - (1 - 0.6)(1 - 0.7) = 1 - (0.4 × 0.3) = 1 - 0.12 = 0.88.
9. When selecting two items from a container WITHOUT replacement, the sample space size for the second selection is:
Answer: B
Without replacement means 1 item is removed, so the total number of items available for the second draw decreases by 1.
10. A box contains cards labeled with numbers 1 to 10. A card is drawn at random. Let A = prime numbers, B = multiples of 3. Find P(A ∪ B).
Answer: A
A = {2, 3, 5, 7} → 4 items. B = {3, 6, 9} → 3 items. A ∩ B = {3} → 1 item. A ∪ B = {2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9} → 6 items? Wait: Prime numbers in 1-10 are 2, 3, 5, 7 (4 items). Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9 (3 items). Union = {2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9} which is 6 items. P(A ∪ B) = 610 or 35. Option D is 610.